documenting my notes
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363
linux_notes.txt
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363
linux_notes.txt
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To Display All Info about your Linux Machine:
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uname -a
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To change password:
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passwd
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To change password as root for another user:
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passwd <username>
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To login as a different user:
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sudo -u <username> -i
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To Display current kernel and other installed kernels:
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mhwd-kernel -li
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To quickly display files/directories:
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ls
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To display files/directories/hidden files in human readable format:
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ls -lah
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To Display disk usage of a particular directory:
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du -c /directory (displays total disk usage)
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du -h /directory (displays total disk usage by file/subdirectory in human readable format)
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du -hc /directory (displays total disk usage and usage by file/subdirectory in human readable format)
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To Display top five directories that use the most disk space:
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du -ahx . | sort -rh | head -5
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To Display location of binary file of program:
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whereis <program_name>
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To show all available network connections:
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nmcli
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To show all available network connections in human readable format:
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nmcli connection
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To connect to wifi network:
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nmcli device wifi connect <NETWORK NAME>
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To Display ip address info:
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ip addr show
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inxi -i
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curl ifconfig.me
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ip neigh
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To connect via Network Manager Command Line Interface (nmcli):
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nmcli device wifi connect "$SSID" password "$PASSWORD"
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nmcli --ask device wifi connect "$SSID" (connects with a prompt that hides password)
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To display and change wifi settings;
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nmcli
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To Display Proccesses:
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bpytop
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htop
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top
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powertop
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To Kill all processes on a specific port:
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fuser -k 3000/tcp
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To Display HD Storage:
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df
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More info about nmcli:
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man nmcli (very extensive)
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man nmcli-examples(good manual for how to connect and configure network and wifi connections)
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To Display CPU and Network info:
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inxi -p (shows your partitioning)
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inxi -r (shows your repo list)
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inxi -i (shows your network details, including public ip)
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nmcli -p device (displays in human readable format the available network connections)
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nmcli device wifi list (displays with a mini gui the list of available wifi networks)
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inxi -w (shows the weather)
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lscpu OR
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hwinfo --cpu (much more detailed info) OR
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inxi -C (sort of like htop with lscpu)
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To Display Nvidia GPU info:
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nvidia-smi
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To display socket statistics:
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ss
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To display the history of last logged in users:
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last
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To display your current external/public IP address:
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curl ifconfig.me
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To display all directories/files:
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tree
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To display all directories EXCEPT for one directory:
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tree -I ignored_directory_name
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Example:
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tree -I node_modules
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To display files/directories and their memory usage:
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pstree
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To Search for all files with the name <query> -i flag means case insensitive:
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locate -i <query>
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Similar to locate, but within working directory:
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find /dir_name/filename.txt
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To remove a file:
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rm filename
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To remove an empty directory:
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rm -d directoryname
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To remove a directory with files in it:
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sudo rm -r directoryname
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To securely delete a file (keep in mind this is not perfect, the only way to securely delete files is to physically destroy the hardware):
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shred -u -z filename
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To kill all processes on port 3000:
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fuser -k -n tcp 3000
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Grep Command Searches for particular strings/regex patterns within a text file:
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Most Basic Use:
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grep -F -i <query> <file.txt>
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Example:
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grep -F -i "tHe" linux_notes.txt
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Curl is a powerful CLI command that can GET/POST/PATCH/DELETE/etc. from HTTP/FTP/etc:
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curl "https://www.mywebsite.com"
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To write curl output to a file:
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curl -o "https://www.mywebsite.com" mywebsiteoutput.txt
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To format the returned text from curl, use prettier:
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prettier mywebsiteoutput.txt
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And to save/overwrite the file:
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prettier --write mywebsiteoutput.txt
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To make a POST request in json format to a database:
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curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/maria_database -d '{"id": 1, "task": "do something"}'
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To Benchmark GPU:
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cd into Unigine_Valley-1.0 (see Uningine for Linux website for download)
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./valley (to run benchmark)
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To Display system statistics including program resource usage:
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yay -Ps OR
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ncdu
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To enable Uncomplicated Firewall:
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sudo ufw enable
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To turn off bluetooth:
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sudo bluetooth off
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To install protonvpn:
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Utilize both Manjaro as well as ProtonVPN instructions, make sure
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to also install all packages that require pip
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To initialize protonvpn:
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sudo protonvpn init
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sudo protonvpn config
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choose 1
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enter openvpn login credentials found at protonvpn dashboard
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sudo protonvpn connect -f
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To disconnect protonvpn:
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sudo protonvpn d
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To Display Temps:
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sensors OR
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vcgencmd measure_temp (only works on Raspberry Pi) OR
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watch -n 2 vcgencmd measure_temp (to see it adjust every 2 seconds)
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To Display NVidia Temps:
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nvidia-settings -q GPUCoreTemp -t OR
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watch -n1 nvidia-smi (displays updated GPU temp and other stats every sec)
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To Display CPU Clock Speed:
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vcgencmd measure_clock arm (only works on Raspberry Pi) OR
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watch -n 2 vcgencmd measure_clock arm (to see it adjust every 2 seconds)
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To Display licensing/technical data about a program:
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modinfo <program_name>
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To adjust CPU clock and other settings in Raspberry Pi, navigate to:
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cd /
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boot/config.txt
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and adjust via sudo nano
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force_turbo=1
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over_voltage=6-8(8max)
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arm_freq=2000-2200(2200max)
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To Update/Upgrade All Packages:
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sudo pacman -Syu
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OR
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yay
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To install a specific package:
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sudo pacman -S <name>
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OR
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yay <name>
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To install a package and bypass validity checks (make sure you trust the package):
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yay -S --mflags --skipinteg <name>
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To test whether or not a server is running on a specific port:
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telnet localhost 3000
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To uncompress a zip file:
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unzip file.zip
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To extract and uncompress a tar.gz file:
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tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz
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To change file permissions:
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chmod (a somewhat advanced command, see chmod_notes.txt)
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To remove a specific package:
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sudo pacman -R <name>
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OR
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yay -Rns <name>
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To remove a specific package and all its dependencies:
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sudo pacman -Rs <name>
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To Clean up unneeded dependencies:
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yay -Yc
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To clean up the pacman cache of all packages that are not currently installed:
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sudo pacman -Sc OR
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sudo paccache -r
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To clean out your /home directory cache:
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First to see your home cache disk usage:
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sudo du -sh ~/.cache/
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And then to remove everything there:
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sudo rm -rf ~/.cache/* (be careful with this command as rm -rf with a wildcard will delete EVERYTHING)
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To remove orphan (unused packages):
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First to see orphans run:
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sudo pacman -Qtdq
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And then to remove them
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sudo pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq)
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To list any failed services:
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sudo systemctl --failed
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To check for any process errors run:
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sudo journalctl -p 3 -xb
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To install snap and enable classic:
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sudo pacman -S snapd
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sudo ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap
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Install Codium using snap:
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sudo snap install codium --classic (has issues with displaying user prompts, but other package managers have other issues...)
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For Art Install the following:
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gimp(should be default in most distros)
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inkscape
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krita
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blender
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To add Fonts:
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Download Fonts and unzip them
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move them to usr/share/fonts/<folder_name>
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For Epson V30 scanner enter the following (for arch and manjaro):
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pamac build iscan-plugin-gt-f720
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pamac install iscan
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To Install td ameritrade
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Follow specific instructions from both website and AUR (make sure java 8 is installed)
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Upgrade:
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sudo pacman -Syu
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Install specific kernel:
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sudo pacman -S kernel501 (501 being changeable in this case to the kernel version number you want)
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Install package:
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sudo pacman -S <packagename>
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See package dependencies:
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pactree <packagename>
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See package dependencies only 1 level deep:
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pactree -d 1 <packagename>
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See package dependencies only one level deep without tree format:
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pactree -d -1 -u <packagename>
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Remove package:
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sudo pacman -R <packagename>
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Remove package and all its dependencies:
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sudo pacman -Rcns <packagename>
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See which program owns this file:
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sudo pacman -Qo /path/to/file
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To have bpytop start on startup and align to the left of the screen, go to Session and Startup and create a new operation:
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xfce4-terminal --geometry=127x51+0+0 -x bpytop
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Same with xbanish:
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xbanish
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Other Apps of Mention:
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alacritty (nice simple terminal emulator)
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bpytop (much better than htop, themes well with manjaro in the XFCE terminal)
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nvtop (nvidia graphical user interface to monitor GPU status)
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powertop (displays power usage)
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atom (naturegreen dark theme)
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codium (download via snap and install the vsix file of the borealis theme)(to install theme via CLI, run: codium --install-extension eckertalex.borealis-1.0.2.vs)
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hub (extends functionality of git commands)
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librewolf (download vis github)
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micro(amazing minimalist text editor)
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irssi
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tor-browser
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nmap
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mangohud (displays gpu, cpu temps and usage percentage in game, input into steam Launch Options the following:)
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MANGOHUD_CONFIG="cpu_temp,gpu_temp,background_alpha=0.2, font_size=16, round_corners=5.0, gl_vsync=0" mangohud %command% --launcher-skip"
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ecryptfs-simple (simple encrypter package that can encrypt directories/files)
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encfs (like ecryptfs, but better, sudo pacman -S encfs)
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mtr (like ping, but way better)
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etcher
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iscan (funny enough, it's in the local repos, but you can also get it from the AUR)
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krita
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inkscape
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xbanish (hides mouse on keyboard input, make sure to add to startup applications)
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Laptop Battery Saving Utilities:
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autocpufreq (one of the better battery saving measures, works more or less out of the box)
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powertop (monitors mainly)
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tlp (tlp start)
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investigate cpu frequencies
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Installing ecryptfs-simple:
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git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/ecryptfs-simple.git
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cd ecryptfs-simple
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makepkg-si
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(if your receive: "One or more PGP signatures could not be verified!, enter:)
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gpg --recv-key <PGP public key listed above error>
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makepkg-si
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Favorite DE/TWM thus far:
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Manjaro XFCE (minimal DE)
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Manjaro Sway (community driven TWM)
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Manjaro I3 (community driven TWM)
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Manjaro Lomiri (for Pinephone, still in beta version as of mid 2021)
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